What is the primary cellular target of human immunodeficiency virus?

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Study for the Success! In Clinical Laboratory Science – Immunology Test. Prepare with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each question offers hints and explanations. Get ready for your exam!

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cellular target of human immunodeficiency virus?

Explanation:
CD4+ T helper cells are the primary cellular targets of HIV. The virus binds to the CD4 receptor on these cells using its gp120 protein and then requires a chemokine co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) to fuse with and enter the cell. This entry leads to productive infection and gradual depletion of CD4+ T cells, which cripples helper T-cell–mediated immune responses and drives the AIDS-defining immunodeficiency. While HIV can be present in other cells, the loss of CD4+ T cells is the hallmark of disease progression. B cells, pre-T cells, and CD8+ T cells are not the main initial targets.

CD4+ T helper cells are the primary cellular targets of HIV. The virus binds to the CD4 receptor on these cells using its gp120 protein and then requires a chemokine co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) to fuse with and enter the cell. This entry leads to productive infection and gradual depletion of CD4+ T cells, which cripples helper T-cell–mediated immune responses and drives the AIDS-defining immunodeficiency. While HIV can be present in other cells, the loss of CD4+ T cells is the hallmark of disease progression. B cells, pre-T cells, and CD8+ T cells are not the main initial targets.

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