Elevated antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase are suggestive of

• A. Graves disease
• B. Hashimoto disease
• C. Myasthenia gravis
• D. Multiple sclerosis

Answer: (B)

Autoimmune thyroiditis is driven by antibodies against thyroid components, especially anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg). When these antibodies are elevated, it strongly points to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid leading to gradual gland destruction and typically hypothyroidism. Anti-TPO is the most sensitive marker for autoimmune thyroiditis and is commonly elevated along with anti-Tg in Hashimoto’s. In Graves disease, the hallmark is TSH receptor–stimulating antibodies, which drive hyperthyroidism; anti-TPO and anti-Tg may be present but are not the defining antibodies. So this antibody pattern best fits Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.